2022-06-29-Programming-in-R
Collin Knezevich
I think the coolest thing we have learned about so far is the
tidyverse set of packages, and the concepts about programming with
them. It’s cool that these packages are powerful enough to do a wide
variety of things (data manipulation, graphing, etc.), but are still
designed with similar syntax so that they can easily be used together. I
also like having the ability to pipe functions. It makes your code very
intuitive to write and a lot easier to read.
Here is an example of what you can do using tidyverse. We will take
the iris dataset from R, perform some data manipulation on it, and
create a graph.
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──
## ✔ ggplot2 3.3.6 ✔ purrr 0.3.4
## ✔ tibble 3.1.7 ✔ dplyr 1.0.9
## ✔ tidyr 1.2.0 ✔ stringr 1.4.0
## ✔ readr 2.1.2 ✔ forcats 0.5.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
# add new variable, sort by new variable
iris <- iris %>% mutate(Sepal.Area = Sepal.Length*Sepal.Width) %>%
arrange(Sepal.Area)
iris
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Sepal.Area
## 1 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor 10.00
## 2 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa 10.35
## 3 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor 11.50
## 4 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor 11.76
## 5 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica 12.25
## 6 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor 12.65
## 7 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor 12.75
## 8 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa 12.76
## 9 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa 12.90
## 10 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor 13.20
## 11 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor 13.20
## 12 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa 13.20
## 13 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor 13.20
## 14 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica 13.20
## 15 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor 13.64
## 16 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor 13.75
## 17 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor 14.00
## 18 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor 14.04
## 19 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 14.08
## 20 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica 14.25
## 21 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 14.26
## 22 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor 14.30
## 23 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa 14.40
## 24 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa 14.40
## 25 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor 14.49
## 26 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa 14.70
## 27 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa 14.72
## 28 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor 14.82
## 29 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa 14.88
## 30 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa 15.00
## 31 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 15.04
## 32 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa 15.04
## 33 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor 15.08
## 34 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor 15.12
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa 15.19
## 36 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 15.19
## 37 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa 15.64
## 38 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor 15.66
## 39 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor 15.66
## 40 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 15.66
## 41 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica 15.66
## 42 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica 15.68
## 43 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor 15.75
## 44 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica 15.75
## 45 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica 15.86
## 46 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor 15.96
## 47 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor 15.96
## 48 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa 16.00
## 49 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor 16.20
## 50 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor 16.20
## 51 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor 16.24
## 52 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica 16.24
## 53 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa 16.32
## 54 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa 16.32
## 55 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa 16.50
## 56 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor 16.53
## 57 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa 16.56
## 58 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica 16.75
## 59 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor 16.80
## 60 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor 16.80
## 61 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa 16.83
## 62 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa 17.00
## 63 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa 17.00
## 64 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica 17.01
## 65 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor 17.08
## 66 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor 17.08
## 67 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor 17.10
## 68 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica 17.28
## 69 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa 17.34
## 70 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica 17.36
## 71 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor 17.40
## 72 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa 17.50
## 73 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa 17.50
## 74 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica 17.64
## 75 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa 17.64
## 76 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa 17.68
## 77 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor 17.69
## 78 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor 17.70
## 79 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica 17.70
## 80 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 17.85
## 81 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa 17.85
## 82 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica 17.92
## 83 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica 17.92
## 84 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor 17.98
## 85 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa 18.00
## 86 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica 18.00
## 87 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa 18.20
## 88 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor 18.20
## 89 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica 18.27
## 90 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor 18.30
## 91 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica 18.30
## 92 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa 18.36
## 93 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa 18.36
## 94 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor 18.56
## 95 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa 18.87
## 96 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor 18.88
## 97 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor 19.04
## 98 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor 19.14
## 99 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa 19.25
## 100 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa 19.38
## 101 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa 19.38
## 102 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa 19.38
## 103 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica 19.50
## 104 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica 19.50
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica 19.50
## 106 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa 19.61
## 107 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor 19.80
## 108 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica 19.84
## 109 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa 19.98
## 110 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica 20.02
## 111 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor 20.10
## 112 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica 20.10
## 113 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor 20.40
## 114 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica 20.40
## 115 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor 20.48
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica 20.48
## 117 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica 20.72
## 118 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor 20.77
## 119 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor 20.77
## 120 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica 20.77
## 121 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor 20.79
## 122 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica 20.79
## 123 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica 20.80
## 124 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa 21.06
## 125 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa 21.06
## 126 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica 21.08
## 127 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica 21.17
## 128 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica 21.30
## 129 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa 21.32
## 130 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor 21.39
## 131 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica 21.39
## 132 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica 21.39
## 133 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica 21.42
## 134 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica 21.56
## 135 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica 21.60
## 136 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa 21.66
## 137 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica 21.76
## 138 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica 22.08
## 139 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica 22.11
## 140 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica 22.11
## 141 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor 22.40
## 142 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica 22.80
## 143 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica 23.04
## 144 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa 23.10
## 145 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica 23.10
## 146 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa 23.20
## 147 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa 25.08
## 148 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica 25.92
## 149 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica 29.26
## 150 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica 30.02
# create graph - density plots of new variable Sepal.Area, by species
ggplot(data = iris, aes(x = Sepal.Area)) +
geom_density(aes(color = Species)) +
labs(x = "Sepal Area", title = "Density Plots of Sepal Area by Species")
